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Development management is a growing multidisciplinary and crosscultural field of scholarly research. Although some academics argue that the practice of development management could be traced as far back as the history of man, the available literature indicates that the integrated and systematic study of this field began to flourish only after World War II. This was a period in history when most nations, rich and poor, initiated systematic programs of economic development and social and political change. Being a multidisciplinary field, the study of development management evolved with conceptual influences form a variety of established disciplines. An analysis of development management theory has evolved over three rather distinct approaches-- each with its own theoretical underpinnings and each with his own concepts of success and failure. Since development management is closely tied to concepts of political scientists have played a role in defining the scope and focus of these processes as will be discussed in general throughout this article.

This article reviews and analyses the important, and yet not so often discussed, theoretical underpinnings of two of the most popular administrative approaches found in the development management literature-- centralization and decentralization. It traces the conceptual roots of development management to the works of Woodrow Wilson (1887), Frank Goodnow (1900), and Max Weber (1919) of the early classical school and further on to the writings of Robert Golembiewski (1985) and Fredrick Herzberg (1990) of the human relations school of thought that followed.